I skipped Objective 5
Objective 6:
1. An acid is a substance that reacts with a base. They commonly taste sour.
2. Neutralization is a chemical reaction when an acid and a base form a salt.
3. A pH indictaor is a chemical compound that is added to a solution so that the acidity can be seen.
4. A corrosive substance is something that will destroy something else if it touchs it.
5. A hydroxide ion consists of hydrogen and oxygen being covalently bonded.
Citations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_indicator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxide_ion
Monday, November 29, 2010
Thursday, November 25, 2010
Homework 10- Objective 4
Objective 4:
1. The common ion in acids is the hydrgogen of H+.
2. An acid forms hydrogen ions in water, and a base forms hydroxide ions in water.
3. The HNO3 breaks up into H+NO3- in a solution. It is an acid. Acids form hydrogen ions in water.
4. It tells you the amount of hydrogen ions. If the pH is lower, then it is an acid. If it is higher than 7, it's a base.
5. When the pH number is lower, the concentration of the hydrogen ions is higher. So, the solution with the pH of 3 has more hydrogen ions.
Citations:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_common_ion_in_all_acids
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_when_acids_and_bases_dissolve_in_water
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080108190009AA0Uied
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090102141813AAr1kRp
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_solution_has_a_greater_concentration_of_hydrogen_ions_a_solution_with_a_pH_of_3_of_a_pH_of_7_Explain
1. The common ion in acids is the hydrgogen of H+.
2. An acid forms hydrogen ions in water, and a base forms hydroxide ions in water.
3. The HNO3 breaks up into H+NO3- in a solution. It is an acid. Acids form hydrogen ions in water.
4. It tells you the amount of hydrogen ions. If the pH is lower, then it is an acid. If it is higher than 7, it's a base.
5. When the pH number is lower, the concentration of the hydrogen ions is higher. So, the solution with the pH of 3 has more hydrogen ions.
Citations:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_common_ion_in_all_acids
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_when_acids_and_bases_dissolve_in_water
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080108190009AA0Uied
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090102141813AAr1kRp
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_solution_has_a_greater_concentration_of_hydrogen_ions_a_solution_with_a_pH_of_3_of_a_pH_of_7_Explain
Homework 10 Objective 3
Objective 3:
1. The four properties of acids are that they conduct electricity, they are sour tasting, they reacts with a base, and they react with active metals.
2. The four properties of bases are they conduct electricity, they are bitter tasting, they react with acids, and they feel slippery on skin.
3. Most liquid acids will turn blue limtus paper pink, it doesn't affect red. Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
4. Maybe the food would be sour tasting if it contained acid because one of the characteristics of acid is that it tastes sour.
5. There are chemicals in the fertilizer and it could get into cuts on your hands. Also, it's for plants. not humans, those type of chemicals can irritate your skin.
Citations:
http://plaza.obu.edu/corneliusk/ps/chem/a_b.pdf
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_can_you_use_litmus_paper_to_distinguish_an_acid_from_a_base
http://homegarden.me/why-is-it-wise-to-wear-gloves-when-spreading-fertilizer-in-a-garden/
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080508201726AAJBckx
1. The four properties of acids are that they conduct electricity, they are sour tasting, they reacts with a base, and they react with active metals.
2. The four properties of bases are they conduct electricity, they are bitter tasting, they react with acids, and they feel slippery on skin.
3. Most liquid acids will turn blue limtus paper pink, it doesn't affect red. Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
4. Maybe the food would be sour tasting if it contained acid because one of the characteristics of acid is that it tastes sour.
5. There are chemicals in the fertilizer and it could get into cuts on your hands. Also, it's for plants. not humans, those type of chemicals can irritate your skin.
Citations:
http://plaza.obu.edu/corneliusk/ps/chem/a_b.pdf
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_can_you_use_litmus_paper_to_distinguish_an_acid_from_a_base
http://homegarden.me/why-is-it-wise-to-wear-gloves-when-spreading-fertilizer-in-a-garden/
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080508201726AAJBckx
Tuesday, November 23, 2010
Homework 10 objective 2
Objective 2
1. Concentration is the measure of how much of one substance in another substance. To concentrate a solution, you put more solute in a solvent. The units for measuring concentration are molarity, normality, and weight. So to measure the concentration you need to find the ratio of the solvent to the solute.2. You can figure out what a substance is because of its solubility. You can use the characteristic of solubility to know how much of a substance can be dissolved in a solvent. If you know the solubility of a solvent, then you know how much of a solute can be added until the solvent is at its maximum concentration.
3. The three factors that affect the solubility are temperature, pressure, and the type of solvent.
4. High temperature, or heat, is required to break the bonds that hold the molecules together. Solubility depends on heat.
5. You can do tests on the substance to see how much of something can be dissolved in it. This will help you identify the substance, if you already know the solubility.
Citations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrationhttp://web.viu.ca/krogh/chem311/units%20of%20concentration.pdfhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_solubility_useful_in_identifying_substanceshttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080821184932AACBLG2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilityhttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081226161840AAPfmkg
Monday, November 22, 2010
Homework 10 objective 1
Objective 1
1. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 substances. A colloid is a substance evenly dispersed throughout another substance. A suspension is a homogeneous fluid that has solid particles that are too large for sedimentation.
2. When a solution forms, the particles of a solute leave each other and become surrounded by the particles of the solvent.
3. The boiling point of a solvent increases when a solute is added because a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. The freezing point decreases too.
4. You have made a solution because the particles dissolve.
5. A solute increases the boiling point because a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. It also lowers the freezing point.
Citations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspensions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloids
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_to_the_solute_particles_when_a_solution_forms
http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/freezing-point-depression-boiling-point-elevation.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling-point_elevation
Thursday, November 18, 2010
Forgot Objective 4
Oops! I forgot Objective 4! Here it is.
Objective 4:
1. A change in temperature causes matter to change state.
2. As the thermal energy in something increases the particles start going crazy and bouncing all around. If it's a solid, then it turns into a liquid. If it's a liquid, (like boiling water) then it turns into a gas.
3. When the matter is changing state, the temperature is being put into the process of the change, so it stays the same. When the matter is not changing state. the energy is being put into raising the temperature.
4. A solid changes state because when it gets heated up, the particles start moving around and heating up.The thermal energy causes it to melt.
5. The potato will generate steam and the steam might a really high pressure inside the potato so it might explode.
Citations:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_does_the_temperature_of_matter_remain_the_same_while_the_matter_changes_state
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_should_you_poke_holes_in_a_potato_before_baking_it
Objective 4:
1. A change in temperature causes matter to change state.
2. As the thermal energy in something increases the particles start going crazy and bouncing all around. If it's a solid, then it turns into a liquid. If it's a liquid, (like boiling water) then it turns into a gas.
3. When the matter is changing state, the temperature is being put into the process of the change, so it stays the same. When the matter is not changing state. the energy is being put into raising the temperature.
4. A solid changes state because when it gets heated up, the particles start moving around and heating up.The thermal energy causes it to melt.
5. The potato will generate steam and the steam might a really high pressure inside the potato so it might explode.
Citations:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_does_the_temperature_of_matter_remain_the_same_while_the_matter_changes_state
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_should_you_poke_holes_in_a_potato_before_baking_it
Wednesday, November 17, 2010
homework 9 objective 5
Objective 5
1. Heat engines turn thermal energy into mechanical energy.
2. An external combustion engine performs conduction as it heats up a different object as its work. An internal combustion engine is powered by radiation because they are fueled by fire/combustion. They both turn heat into energy that can fuel the automobiles.
3. Internal combustion engines are used more frequently because they deliver power better and they weigh less than external combustion engines.
4. The refrigerator takes the hot air out, verses what we think, putting cold air in.
5. The compressor compresses the gas in the refigerator. This causes the temperature to rise. So, the heat-exchanging coils allow the refrigertant to disperse the hot air.
Citations:
1.http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_a_car_engine_an_internal_combustion_engine_rather_than_an_external_combustion_engine
2. http://home.howstuffworks.com/refrigerator2.htm
Tuesday, November 16, 2010
Homework 9- objective 3
Objective 3:
Objective 3:
1. The three types of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and raditation.
2. Heat goes from cold to hot. The cold air is not let out, the hot air is let in.
3. Conductors let energy and heat go through it, and insulators don’t let energy and heat pass through.
4. Copper would be a better conductor because it lets the heat and energy go through easily.
5. I would build a fire because then the hot air would be given off. This is an example of radiation because the objects are not touching. Then I would build a tent because this would keep the body heat inside the tent. This is also an example of radiation because the objects aren’t touching.
Citations:
http://www.tapinsulation.com/heat.html
Homework 9
Objective 3
Objective 3:
1. The three types of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and raditation.
2. Heat goes from cold to hot. The cold air is not let out, the hot air is let in.
3. Conductors let energy and heat go through it, and insulators don’t let energy and heat pass through.
4. Copper would be a better conductor because it lets the heat and energy go through easily.
5. I would build a fire because then the hot air would be given off. This is an example of radiation because the objects are not touching. Then I would build a tent because this would keep the body heat inside the tent. This is also an example of radiation because the objects aren’t touching.
Citations:
http://www.tapinsulation.com/heat.html
Monday, November 15, 2010
Homework 9- objective 2
Objective 2:
2. The Celsius scale is the most simple scale, it is from 1 degree for freezing and 100 degrees for boiling. The Fahrenheit scale is 32 degrees for freezing and 212 for boiling. The Kelvin scale is a boiling point is 373 K and a freezing point of 273 K. The difference in Kelvins is that it has absolute zero. This is when all matter stops moving.
3. 41 degrees Fahrenheit.
4. 460 degrees Celsius
5. 50 K
Citations:
http://www.wbuf.noaa.gov/tempfc.htmhttp://www.metric-conversions.org/temperature/celsius-to-fahrenheit.htm
Homework 9
Objective 2
1. The temperature sensor of the thermometer is on the end bulb. 2. The Celsius scale is the most simple scale, it is from 1 degree for freezing and 100 degrees for boiling. The Fahrenheit scale is 32 degrees for freezing and 212 for boiling. The Kelvin scale is a boiling point is 373 K and a freezing point of 273 K. The difference in Kelvins is that it has absolute zero. This is when all matter stops moving.
3. 41 degrees Fahrenheit.
4. 460 degrees Celsius
5. 50 K
Citations:
http://www.wbuf.noaa.gov/tempfc.htmhttp://www.metric-conversions.org/temperature/celsius-to-fahrenheit.htm
Friday, November 12, 2010
Homework 9- objective 1
Objective 1
2. Thermal energy is the energy of heat. That is why heat has to do with thermal energy, and heat causes hot temperature and the particles moving.
3. Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
4. An ice cube melts in your hand because the particles in an ice cube are not moving quickly because an ice cube is cold. The thermal energy from your hand makes the particles move faster in the ice cube and this causes it to melt.
5. Some things are better conductors of heat and heat travels through them a lot easier.
Citations:
http://www.freeessays.cc/db/32/mlo105.shtml
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_does_water_have_a_high_and_specific_heat_capacity
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100125182103AAM1DPs
Homework 9- Objective 1
1. Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin are the three temperature scales.2. Thermal energy is the energy of heat. That is why heat has to do with thermal energy, and heat causes hot temperature and the particles moving.
3. Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
4. An ice cube melts in your hand because the particles in an ice cube are not moving quickly because an ice cube is cold. The thermal energy from your hand makes the particles move faster in the ice cube and this causes it to melt.
5. Some things are better conductors of heat and heat travels through them a lot easier.
Citations:
http://www.freeessays.cc/db/32/mlo105.shtml
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_does_water_have_a_high_and_specific_heat_capacity
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100125182103AAM1DPs
Wednesday, November 10, 2010
Homework 8 Objective 6
Objective 6:
1. Charles's law says that if the voulme of something goes up so does the temperature and vice versa. This is an example of a direct relationship.
2. As the temperature of a gas increases, the gas molecules move more quickly.
3. J.A.C Charles was the first person to fly a hydrogen balloon.
4. The wind picked up the balloon and eventually it landed around 15 miles out of Paris. Peasants ripped up the balloon because they thought it was a manefestation. King Louis the XVI then issued a decree telling everyone what balloons were and what they did to avoid this again in the future.
5. The pressure must stay the same. The volume and temperature change.
Citations:
http://www.aeragon.com/air/bal/index.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_factor_is_kept_unchanged_when_demonstrating_Charles%27_Law
1. Charles's law says that if the voulme of something goes up so does the temperature and vice versa. This is an example of a direct relationship.
2. As the temperature of a gas increases, the gas molecules move more quickly.
3. J.A.C Charles was the first person to fly a hydrogen balloon.
4. The wind picked up the balloon and eventually it landed around 15 miles out of Paris. Peasants ripped up the balloon because they thought it was a manefestation. King Louis the XVI then issued a decree telling everyone what balloons were and what they did to avoid this again in the future.
5. The pressure must stay the same. The volume and temperature change.
Citations:
http://www.aeragon.com/air/bal/index.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_factor_is_kept_unchanged_when_demonstrating_Charles%27_Law
Tuesday, November 9, 2010
Homework 8 Objective 5
Objective 5:
1. Boyle's law states that when the volume goes up the pressure goes down and vice versa.
2. When you go up in elevation the pressure decreases. This lower pressure would cause the balloon to expand and burst if it was filled all the way. This is why high-altitude balloons are only filled half way.
3. Pressure x volume= constant.
4. When you breathe in and flex your diaphram, you are increasing the volume of your lungs (by breathing in) and then you increase the pressure by flexing your diaphram.
5. As the diver goes deeper into the water, the pressure increases. According to Boyle's law, of the pressure increases, volume will decrease. This is important to the diver because the diver's body has numerous air spaces.
Citations:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_are_weather_balloons_partially_infated_before_they're_released_into_the_atmosphere
http://library.thinkquest.org/12596/boyles.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_Boyle%27s_law_apply_in_respiration
http://www.scubadivingsarasota.info/online-scuba-training/gas-laws
1. Boyle's law states that when the volume goes up the pressure goes down and vice versa.
2. When you go up in elevation the pressure decreases. This lower pressure would cause the balloon to expand and burst if it was filled all the way. This is why high-altitude balloons are only filled half way.
3. Pressure x volume= constant.
4. When you breathe in and flex your diaphram, you are increasing the volume of your lungs (by breathing in) and then you increase the pressure by flexing your diaphram.
5. As the diver goes deeper into the water, the pressure increases. According to Boyle's law, of the pressure increases, volume will decrease. This is important to the diver because the diver's body has numerous air spaces.
Citations:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_are_weather_balloons_partially_infated_before_they're_released_into_the_atmosphere
http://library.thinkquest.org/12596/boyles.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_Boyle%27s_law_apply_in_respiration
http://www.scubadivingsarasota.info/online-scuba-training/gas-laws
Monday, November 8, 2010
homework 8 objective 4
Homework 8
Objective 4
1. The particles at a warmer temperature are moving faster and that means there is more thermal energy. At a cooler temperature, the particles move slower and there is less energy.
2. The ice cream is suddenly exposed to warm air and then melts. It changes its state of matter. Ice cream is partly thin air, and this air makes up some of its volume. When you put the ice cream in hot air is starts to absorb it absorbs the heat.
3. When you add heat to something, the particles begin to vibrate a lot. When you cool it, the vibrating is less.
4. Condensation occurs when hot air and cold air come together.
5. Sublimation occurs when a solid can go from a solid to a gas. It is an endothermic reaction and absorbs heat.
Citations:
http://www.word-detective.com/howcome/icecreammelt.html
http://www.macmillan-caribbean.com/uploads/5c4bbec7-640b-4ff2-8fec-aad991ae2634_CSEC%20Chemistry%20pages.pdf
Thursday, November 4, 2010
homework 8- objective 3
Homework 8
Objective 3
1. Chemical Energy because the atoms share electrons and give electrons so it is all changing. When you take all of the electrons off of something it turns into plasma.
2. A rolling bowling ball has kinetic energy.
3. A bowling ball that is still has potential energy.
4. Electromagnetic Energy is an occurrence of waves in matter. Electromagnetic energy is measured in waves.
5. Electrons moving from one place to another is electricity. An example is power outlets. The electrons come to the power outlet so we can plug things in. (cell phone chargers, etc.)
Wednesday, November 3, 2010
Homework 8- Objective 2
Homework 8- Objective 2
1. The main difference between a chemical change and a physical change is that during a chemical change the identity of a substance’s chemical changes. During a physical change, the chemical nature of a substance doesn’t change.
2. The 4 ways a chemical change can happen are spontaneous, heat, light, and electricity.
3. The Law of Conservation is mass means that mass isn't created or destoyed. it is constant.
4. Temperature is a number that relates to energy, but it isn't energy. Thermal energy, or heat, is actual energy. Adding heat, means adding energy.
5. An endothermic reaction would be the reaction Zelle and I did in class. We put baking soda and acentric acid together, and it got cold. An exothermic reaction would be elephant toothpaste. The reaction became hot and you could feel the warmth on the container the experiment was done in.
Citations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_change
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_change#Examples_of_chemical_changes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_mass
http://zonalandeducation.com/mstm/physics/mechanics/energy/heatAndTemperature/heatAndTemperature.html
Tuesday, November 2, 2010
Homework 8
Objective 1, November 2:
1. Mass is more useful to measure matter then weight because weight changes with where you are. Scientists don't want to get different answers so they use mass because it doesn't change.
2. The volume of the box is 619.65 centimeters cubed.
3. The most commonly used units for density are kilogram per cubic meter and the unit of gram per cubic centimeter.
4. The formula for density is mass divided by volume.
5. The formula for finding volume is length times width times height.
Citations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density#Formula_and_common_units
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_mass_more_useful_than_weight_for_measuring_matter
1. Mass is more useful to measure matter then weight because weight changes with where you are. Scientists don't want to get different answers so they use mass because it doesn't change.
2. The volume of the box is 619.65 centimeters cubed.
3. The most commonly used units for density are kilogram per cubic meter and the unit of gram per cubic centimeter.
4. The formula for density is mass divided by volume.
5. The formula for finding volume is length times width times height.
Citations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density#Formula_and_common_units
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_mass_more_useful_than_weight_for_measuring_matter
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