Homework 10- Objective 6

I skipped Objective 5
Objective 6:

1. An acid is a substance that reacts with a base. They commonly taste sour.
2. Neutralization is a chemical reaction when an acid and a base form a salt.
3. A pH indictaor is a chemical compound that is added to a solution so that the acidity can be seen.
4. A corrosive substance is something that will destroy something else if it touchs it.
5. A hydroxide ion consists of hydrogen and oxygen being covalently bonded.

Citations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_indicator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxide_ion

Homework 10- Objective 4

Objective 4:

1. The common ion in acids is the hydrgogen of H+.
2. An acid forms hydrogen ions in water, and a base forms hydroxide ions in water.
3. The HNO3 breaks up into H+NO3- in a solution. It is an acid. Acids form hydrogen ions in water.
4. It tells you the amount of hydrogen ions. If the pH is lower, then it is an acid. If it is higher than 7, it's a base.
5. When the pH number is lower, the concentration of the hydrogen ions is higher. So, the solution with the pH of 3 has more hydrogen ions.

Citations:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_common_ion_in_all_acids
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_when_acids_and_bases_dissolve_in_water
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080108190009AA0Uied
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090102141813AAr1kRp
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_solution_has_a_greater_concentration_of_hydrogen_ions_a_solution_with_a_pH_of_3_of_a_pH_of_7_Explain

Homework 10 Objective 3

Objective 3:

1. The four properties of acids are that they conduct electricity, they are sour tasting, they reacts with a base, and they react with active metals.
2. The four properties of bases are they conduct electricity, they are bitter tasting, they react with acids, and they feel slippery on skin.
3. Most liquid acids will turn blue limtus paper pink, it doesn't affect red. Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
4. Maybe the food would be sour tasting if it contained acid because one of the characteristics of acid is that it tastes sour.
5. There are chemicals in the fertilizer and it could get into cuts on your hands. Also, it's for plants. not humans, those type of chemicals can irritate your skin.

Citations:
http://plaza.obu.edu/corneliusk/ps/chem/a_b.pdf
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_can_you_use_litmus_paper_to_distinguish_an_acid_from_a_base
http://homegarden.me/why-is-it-wise-to-wear-gloves-when-spreading-fertilizer-in-a-garden/
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080508201726AAJBckx

Homework 10 objective 2

Objective 2

1. Concentration is the measure of how much of one substance in another substance. To concentrate a solution, you put more solute in a solvent. The units for measuring concentration are molarity, normality, and weight. So to measure the concentration you need to find the ratio of the solvent to the solute.
2. You can figure out what a substance is because of its solubility. You can use the characteristic of solubility to know how much of a substance can be dissolved in a solvent. If you know the solubility of a solvent, then you know how much of a solute can be added until the solvent is at its maximum concentration.
3. The three factors that affect the solubility are temperature, pressure, and the type of solvent.
4. High temperature, or heat, is required to break the bonds that hold the molecules together. Solubility depends on heat.
5. You can do tests on the substance to see how much of something can be dissolved in it. This will help you identify the substance, if you already know the solubility.
Citations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrationhttp://web.viu.ca/krogh/chem311/units%20of%20concentration.pdfhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_solubility_useful_in_identifying_substanceshttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080821184932AACBLG2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilityhttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081226161840AAPfmkg

Homework 10 objective 1

Objective 1

1. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 substances. A colloid is a substance evenly dispersed throughout another substance. A suspension is a homogeneous fluid that has solid particles that are too large for sedimentation.
2. When a solution forms, the particles of a solute leave each other and become surrounded by the particles of the solvent.
3. The boiling point of a solvent increases when a solute is added because a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. The freezing point decreases too.
4. You have made a solution because the particles dissolve.
5. A solute increases the boiling point because a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. It also lowers the freezing point.

Citations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspensions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloids
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_to_the_solute_particles_when_a_solution_forms
http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/freezing-point-depression-boiling-point-elevation.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling-point_elevation

Forgot Objective 4

Oops! I forgot Objective 4! Here it is.

Objective 4:

1. A change in temperature causes matter to change state.
2. As the thermal energy in something increases the particles start going crazy and bouncing all around. If it's a solid, then it turns into a liquid. If it's a liquid, (like boiling water) then it turns into a gas.
3. When the matter is changing state, the temperature is being put into the process of the change, so it stays the same. When the matter is not changing state. the energy is being put into raising the temperature.
4. A solid changes state because when it gets heated up, the particles start moving around and heating up.The thermal energy causes it to melt.
5. The potato will generate steam and the steam might a really high pressure inside the potato so it might explode.

Citations:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_does_the_temperature_of_matter_remain_the_same_while_the_matter_changes_state
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_should_you_poke_holes_in_a_potato_before_baking_it

homework 9 objective 5

Objective 5

1. Heat engines turn thermal energy into mechanical energy.
2. An external combustion engine performs conduction as it heats up a different object as its work. An internal combustion engine is powered by radiation because they are fueled by fire/combustion. They both turn heat into energy that can fuel the automobiles.
3. Internal combustion engines are used more frequently because they deliver power better and they weigh less than external combustion engines.
4. The refrigerator takes the hot air out, verses what we think, putting cold air in.
5. The compressor compresses the gas in the refigerator. This causes the temperature to rise. So, the heat-exchanging coils allow the refrigertant to disperse the hot air.

Citations:
1.http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_a_car_engine_an_internal_combustion_engine_rather_than_an_external_combustion_engine  
2. http://home.howstuffworks.com/refrigerator2.htm